<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>小学语文作业是小学语文教学的重要环节,它与课堂教学、课外活动一起构成了完整的小学教学体系,是对课堂教学的巩固和运用,是提高教学质量的重要途径。《语文课程标准》提出“教师要精心设计作业,要有启发性,分量要适当,不要让学生机械抄写,以利于减轻学生负担”。由此可见小学语文作业设计在语文教学中的重要性,而在实践中,语文作业设计存在着数量与质量的巨大反差。教师们在作业量化中追求数量,对作业内在的质量的选择、设计、组合,多数很盲从,造成学生的作业多机械重复,少创造活动;多抄抄写写,少思维训练。再加上如今相关的教辅材料到处都是,《课课练》、《一课一练》、《每日精练》、《金试卷》、《上海作业》等练习书籍和各类试卷被许多教师或家长加压在学生的身上,这一系列铺天盖地的作业让学生难以招架,严重挫伤了学生的学习积极性,损害了学生的身心健康,影响教学质量的提高,因此优化作业设计,减轻学生负担是实施新课程的需要。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>那么,如何优化作业设计呢?我们经过研究实践,认为可以主要从以下几个方面着手:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">一、作业难度必须要有分层。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>作业的难度应略高于学生知识水平,具有思考的价值,学生才会对其产生兴趣。针对学生语文能力有差异的客观事实,要着重找准每类学生的最近发展区,针对不同层次的学生制定基础、发展、创造三个目标,给他们搭建自我发展和提高的平台。教师可以根据学生层次差异把作业设计成难度不同的作业,让不同层次的学生对号入座去完成,从而使不同发展水平的学生都能较好地参与作业,享受到做作业主人的快乐。如在学了《喇叭花》一课后,我们设计了这样一个练习:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> (1)</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>摘抄描写喇叭花的句子。(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">C</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>类生)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(2)</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>有感情地朗读课文,用自己的话简要描绘你了解到哪些和喇叭花有关系的内容。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(B</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>类生</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">)(3)</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>模仿课文的写法,选择一种可以观察到的植物,进行有顺序、有部分的观察,并写出观察记录。(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>类生)这样的作业布置由易到难、由简到繁,能满足不同层次学生的需要。既可满足优等生的要求,又可使中下等生练有所得,体会到成功的乐趣。同时,学生们又具有好强的心理,往往会知难而进,满足自己探索和发展的需要,主动探究更高要求的作业,获得更大的提高。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">二、必须给学生选择作业的自主性。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>作业的设计和布置也可一改以往命令式、强制式,给学生的作业也开设一个“自助餐”,让学生有一个较为宽松的作业氛围,使不同发展水平的学生,都能较好地参与作业,培养语文能力。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>教育实践告诉我们,学生彼此有不同的学习优势,也有不尽相同的兴趣。因此,教师应有意识地设计多样化的作业类型,让学生根据自身的兴趣、爱好选择适合自己的作业,还能提高作业的针对性,获得事半功倍的效果。如教师围绕某一内容,针对某一目的设计几个题目,学生选做,如教学《宝镜》后,我设计了以下作业:①</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">.</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>选字组词;②</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">.</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>照样子写词语;③</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">.</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>选词填空;④照样子写句子;⑤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">.</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>把《宝镜》这个故事讲给家长听。以上作业,要求学生根据自己的兴趣、喜好自选两至三题做,这样大大提高了学生的自主创新意识。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">三、作业内容、题型必须精心选择<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>自编补充。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>作业具有巩固、检测、导向和激趣的功能。作业设计是一项个性化很强的行为。一堂课的教学内容不同、学情不同,决定了不同的作业设计。因而,自编作业更具有针对性,更切合自己的教学实际,能切实帮助我们发现和纠正自己教学中存在的问题,及时找到解决问题的办法。因此我们实行了“要求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>自编”的作业布置原则,在文本教材的基础上,精心选择一部分练习,然后根据学生实际和文本内容,教师自编一部分作业练习。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>如《鸬鹚》一课中在学习了“痕”这一生字后,为了帮助学生归类识记和整理巩固,我们便设计了这样的练习:</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>“例:(艮)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(犭)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">=</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(狠)(恶狠狠)</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(艮)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">=</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(艮)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">=</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">=</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">+</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">=</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>)”</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>让学生积累更多的以“艮”作为形旁的生字,并组成词语。虽然这也是一道加部首,再组词的练习,但是却是由“数学算式”的形式出现的,学生觉得新奇,做题时兴趣浓,正确率也高,又能帮助学生真正夯实应掌握的基础知识。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>进入二年级的下半学期,我们不难发现词句的理解逐步成为教学课文的重点,也是学生学习的难点。如何让学生字不离词,词不离句,句不离文的进行理解,并在理解过程中学会正确流利地表达呢?我们结合教材也自编了一系列的练习。如《打碗碗花》中要理解“将信将疑”一词时,可以在学生了解“将信将疑”就是有点相信,又有点怀疑的意思以后,再设计这样的练习:外婆说:<U>“</U></SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。”</SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>我对这话将信将疑,有点相信是因为</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>;但感到疑惑的是</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。《芭蕉花》一课中,可以让学生在学到“妈妈问我芭蕉花从哪儿来的,我便照实说了,这里也可让学生重组课文内容,进行表达练习,充分理解照实的含义。妈妈问我芭蕉花是哪儿来的,我便照实说:<U>“</U></SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。”</SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>总之,自编课后练习,<!--?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /--><?xml:namespace prefix = "st1" /><st1:personname w:st="on" productid="能增强">能增强</st1:personname>老师们的目标意识,使语文作业题的设计紧扣本堂课的教学目标,成为判断教学是否有效的直接依据。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>但是,在精心选择,自编补充作业时,要遵循灵活地与课后练习相结合的原则,以免加重学生的负担。我们教材中所选择的文本不是名家经典,就是贴近社会的时文,文学样式各异,作家风格鲜明。语文的教学就要引导学生学习优美典范的文本,感受作者精妙的语言文字,了解不同题材的写作特点。学生也正是在课堂内通过教师对教材文本的教学,来掌握听、说、读、写等语文学习的基本技能。因此,语文作业的设计不能任意为之,可以根据教学目标、教学内容、学生的实际情况等灵活地运用课本上的习题。对书后的一些习题做一些变动或调整,编制出适合自己所需要的作业设计。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>如《送小蚂蚁回家》一课,书后有一“说”的练习题:小蚂蚁在朋友们的帮助下回到了家。他会怎么对妈妈说呢?请你帮小蚂蚁说下去。然后有一填空作为辅助:睡莲姑姑</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。蜻蜓</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。萤火虫</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。练习题旨在帮助学生弄清课文的主要内容,并通过填空题的辅助形式,锻炼学生的表达能力。那么根据题目的要求,以及本课的教学目标,再结合学生的学情,我们把这道练习题一分为二,穿插在教学活动中。在“初读课文,整体感知”环节中,我们就要求学生在读通课文后,思考:小蚂蚁怎么啦?谁帮助了它?它们是怎么帮助小蚂蚁的?在原来睡莲、蜻蜓、萤火虫的基础上,再加了一个“小蚂蚁</SPAN><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></U><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>。”用“什么怎么样”的句式来说一说,课文中各个人物的具体动作行为,帮助学生初步梳理课文主要内容。最后,在学完了课文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">13</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">14</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>小节小蚂蚁回到家后,再创设情景,由老师扮演蚂蚁妈妈,请学生扮演小蚂蚁,进行小蚂蚁回家经过的情景说话练习。此时,学生有了对课文内容充分理解的基础,有了课文语言文字的积累,“说”的练习题也就顺利完成了。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: rgb(50,50,50); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">语文课程改革的实施,对作业提出了新的要求,加之<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>减负<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的有效实行,更是对作业设计提出了强烈的新要求。</SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: rgb(50,50,50); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt'>语文教师应该转换自己的作业设计的理念,便单一的知识学习为综合训练,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">要敢于创新,博采众长,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">既注重基础知识和基本技能的训练,又优化学生学习的过程与方法;既重视语文素养的提高,又提高学生的语文实践能力。从而</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提高课堂教学的有效性,减轻学生负担,真正做到发展学生的语文能力,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">培养<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.kejianhome.com/jiaoan" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>学生</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>良好的<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.kejianhome.com/jiaoan" target=_blank><SPAN lang=EN-US style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>学习</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>习惯,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提高</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">学生的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">语文素养。</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style='FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>蒋励菁</SPAN></P>